吸收波长和吸收效率可控的超材料吸收器

江孝伟; 武华

doi:10.7498/aps.70.20201173

摘要

为了使超材料完美吸收器(metamaterial perfect absorber, MPA)能够同时实现吸收效率和吸收波长的控制, 本文提出利用二氧化钒(VO₂)和石墨烯作为MPA的材料, 通过对MPA的结构设计, 在红外波段实现了高吸收, 吸收效率最高可达99%. 研究发现通过改变VO₂的温度和石墨烯的化学势, 可同时实现MPA吸收效率和吸收波长的控制, 吸收效率调制深度和吸收波长调谐范围分别可达97.08%和3.2 μm. 通过对MPA在吸收波长处的磁场分布分析可以得出, MPA能够产生高吸收是由于其形成了法布里-帕罗(Fabry-Pérot, FP) 干涉腔共振, 研究发现MPA的结构参数对FP腔的共振波长具有显著的影响.

关键词:

超材料 /
吸收器 /
二氧化钒 /
石墨烯

Abstract

The metamaterial perfect absorber (MPA) is a new type of electromagnetic wave absorber first proposed by Landy. Compared with the traditional electromagnetic wave absorber, MPA has many advantages, including ultra-high absorption efficiency, ultra-thin, compact structure, easily tunable resonances, etc. so it is gradually applied to ultra-sensitive sensing, imaging, detection and other fields. Nowadays, the MPA research focuses on two areas. One area focuses on the absorption efficiency modulation and absorption wavelength tuning, and the other area is to broaden the absorption bandwidth and achieve high absorptions at different optical frequencies. Previously, the MPA absorption efficiency modulation or absorption wavelength tuning was realized by changing the device structure or the surrounding medium material. But these methods can increase the difficulty in processing and increase the device volume. In order to achieve the control of absorption wavelength and absorption efficiency without increasing the difficulty in processing or the device volume. We propose to use vanadium dioxide and graphene as the materials of MPA, which has high absorption efficiency in the infrared band. It is found that the absorption efficiency of MPA at 9.66 μm wavelength can reach 96% when the temperature of vanadium dioxide is 5 ℃ by using finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. However, when the vanadium dioxide temperature rises to 68 ℃, the absorption efficiency of MPA suddenly drops to 2.8%. The modulation depth of absorption efficiency can reach 97.08%. We propose that the MPA be able to control not only the absorption efficiency, but also the absorption wavelength. By changing the voltage of graphene, the chemical potential E_f of graphene can be controlled and the absorption wavelength of MPA can be tuned. When E_f increases from 0.1 eV to 3 eV, the absorption wavelength of MPA will be blue-shifted from 9.66 μm to 6.46 μm. The magnetic field distribution of MPA at the absorption wavelength shows that the MPA has a high absorption efficiency because of the Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavity resonance is formed in MPA. Therefore, the change of structure parameters of MPA will affect its absorption characteristics. It is found by the FDTD method that the absorption wavelength of MPA will be redshifted, when the radius, thickness, period and thickness of the nanocolumn array increase. This study can provide theoretical guidance for designing and preparing the controllable MPA, which has compact structure and low process difficulty merits.

Keywords:

metamaterial /
absorber /
vanadium dioxide /
graphene

作者及机构信息

江孝伟^1,3,
武华^2,3

1.
衢州职业技术学院信息工程学院, 衢州　324000

2.
赣南师范大学物理与电子信息学院, 赣州　341000

3.
北京工业大学, 光电子技术教育部重点实验室, 北京　100124

通信作者: 武华, wh1125@126.com

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 61575008, 61650404)、江西省自然科学基金(批准号: 20171BAB202037)、江西省教育厅科技项目(批准号: GJJ170819)和衢州市科技计划项目(批准号: 2019K20)资助的课题

Authors and contacts

Jiang Xiao-Wei^1,3,
Wu Hua^2,3

1.
College of Information Engineering, Quzhou College of Technology, Quzhou 324000, China

2.
College of Physics and Electronic Information, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China

3.
Key Laboratory of Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China

Corresponding author: Wu Hua, wh1125@126.com

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61575008, 61650404), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province, China (Grant No. 20171BAB202037), the Technology Project of Jiangxi Provincial Education Department, China (Grant No. GJJ170819), and the Quzhou Science and Technology Project, China (Grant No. 2019K20)

文章全文 : translate this paragraph

参考文献

[1]	Landy N I, Sajuyigbe S, Mock J J, Smith D R, Padilla W J 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 207402 Google Scholar
[2]	Liu X L, Starr T, Starr A F, Padilla W J 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 207403 Google Scholar
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[10]	Ling K, Kim H K, Yoo M, Lim S 2015 Sensors (Basel) 15 28154 Google Scholar
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[23]	Kischkat J, Peters S, Gruska B 2012 Appl. Optics 51 6789 Google Scholar
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施引文献

图 1 吸收特性可控的MPA结构图

Fig. 1. MPA structure diagram with controllable absorption characteristics.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 VO₂不同温度下MPA的吸收效率

Fig. 2. Absorption efficiency of MPA at different temperature of VO₂.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 VO₂不同温度下MPA磁场分布　(a) T_V = 5 ℃; (b) T_V = 68 ℃

Fig. 3. Magnetic field distribution of MPA at different temperature of VO₂: (a) T_V = 5 ℃; (b) T_V = 68 ℃.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 温度对VO₂折射率和消光系数的影响　(a) 折射率n; (b)消光系数k

Fig. 4. The influence of temperature on the refractive index and the extinction coefficient of VO₂: (a) Refractive index n; (b) extinction coefficient k.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 石墨烯化学势对MPA吸收波长的影响

Fig. 5. The effect of graphene chemical potential on the absorption wavelength of MPA.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 石墨烯化学势对石墨烯等效折射率的影响

Fig. 6. The effect of graphene chemical potential on the equivalent refractive index of graphene.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 纳米柱半径对MPA吸收特性的影响

Fig. 7. The influence of nano column radius on the absorption characteristics of MPA.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 纳米柱半径对MPA结构等效折射率n_q的影响

Fig. 8. The influence of nano column radius on the equivalent refractive n_q of MPA.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 纳米柱厚度对MPA吸收特性的影响

Fig. 9. The influence of nano column thickness on the absorption characteristics of MPA.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 VO₂厚度对MPA吸收特性的影响

Fig. 10. The influence of VO₂ thickness on the absorption characteristics of MPA.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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[1]	Landy N I, Sajuyigbe S, Mock J J, Smith D R, Padilla W J 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 207402 Google Scholar
[2]	Liu X L, Starr T, Starr A F, Padilla W J 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 207403 Google Scholar
[3]	Lei L, Li S, Hang H X, Tao K Y, Xu P 2018 Opt. Express 8 1031 Google Scholar
[4]	Wen D, Yue F, Li G, Zheng G, Chan K, Chen S, Chen M, Li K F 2015 Nat. Commun. 6 8241 Google Scholar
[5]	Chen L, Liao D G, Guo X G 2019 Front. Inform. Technol. Electron. Eng. 20 591 Google Scholar
[6]	Bian B, Liu S, Wang S 2013 J. Appl. Phys. 114 194511 Google Scholar
[7]	Yin S, Zhu J F, Xu W D, Jiang W, Yuan J, Yin G 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 073903 Google Scholar
[8]	Xiao Z, Tang J 2017 Mater. Lett. 192 21 Google Scholar
[9]	Shrekenhamer D, Chen W C, Padilla W J 2013 Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 177403 Google Scholar
[10]	Ling K, Kim H K, Yoo M, Lim S 2015 Sensors (Basel) 15 28154 Google Scholar
[11]	Liu M K, Susli M, Silva D, Putrino G, Kala H, Fan S T, Cole M 2017 Microsyst. Nanoeng. 3 17033 Google Scholar
[12]	Hashemi M R M, Yang S H, Wang T 2016 Sci. Rep. 6 35439 Google Scholar
[13]	Pradhan J K, Ramakrishna S A, Rajeswaran B 2017 Opt. Express 25 9116 Google Scholar
[14]	Naorem R, Dayal G, Anantha Ramakrishna S 2015 Opt. Commun. 346 154 Google Scholar
[15]	Liu Z M, Li Y 2017 J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 50 38
[16]	陈浩, 张晓霞, 王鸿, 姬月华 2018 物理学报 67 118101 Google Scholar Chen H, Zhang X X, Wang H, Ji Y H 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 118101 Google Scholar
[17]	李小兵, 陆卫兵, 刘震国, 陈昊 2018 物理学报 67 184101 Google Scholar Li X B, Lu W B, Liu Z G, Chen H 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 184101 Google Scholar
[18]	Yao G, Ling F, Yue J 2016 Opt. Express 24 1518 Google Scholar
[19]	Fan C Z, Tian Y C, Ren P W 2019 Chin. Phys. B 28 076105 Google Scholar
[20]	Ding C F, Jiang L K, Wu L, Gao R M 2015 Opt. Commun. 350 103 Google Scholar
[21]	Lee K, Choi H J, Son J 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 14403 Google Scholar
[22]	杨海波, 胡明, 梁继然 2008 物理化学学报 6 101 Yang L B, Hu M, Liang J R 2008 Acta Phys.-Chim. Sin. 6 101
[23]	Kischkat J, Peters S, Gruska B 2012 Appl. Optics 51 6789 Google Scholar
[24]	Su Z, Yin J, Zhao X 2015 Opt. Express 23 1679 Google Scholar
[25]	江孝伟, 武华, 袁寿财 2019 物理学报 68 138101 Google Scholar Jiang X W, Wu H, Yuan S C 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 138101 Google Scholar
[26]	张会云, 黄晓燕, 陈琦 2016 物理学报 65 18101 Google Scholar Zhang H Y, Huang X Y, Chen Q 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 18101 Google Scholar
[27]	Lu H, Cumming B P, Gu M 2015 Opt. Lett. 40 3647 Google Scholar
[28]	乔文涛, 龚健, 张利伟 2015 物理学报 64 237301 Google Scholar Qiao W T, Gong J, Zhang L W 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 237301 Google Scholar
[29]	Vasko F T, Ryzhii V 2007 Phys. Rev. B 76 233404 Google Scholar
[30]	Mun B S, Yoon J, Mo S K 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 1039 Google Scholar
[31]	Currie M, Mastro M A, Wheeler V D 2017 Opt. Mater. Express 7 1697 Google Scholar
[32]	Yao Y, Kats M A, Genevet P, Yu N, Song Y 2013 Nano Lett. 13 1257 Google Scholar
[33]	Vakil A, Engheta N 2011 Science 332 1291 Google Scholar

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吸收波长和吸收效率可控的超材料吸收器